カルシウム浸透性AMPA受容体のダイナミクスは,恐怖記憶の消去を媒介する

Roger L Clem¹, Richard L Huganir

¹Department of Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 30, 2010

まとめ

行動療法では,脳内の特定の受容体を除去することで,トラウマ的な恐怖の記憶を消すことができます. このプロセスは,シナプス性可塑性を含み,記憶の劣化のための一時的なウィンドウを作成します.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
行動心理学行動心理学

背景:

トラウマ的な恐怖の記憶は,行動療法や絶滅訓練で永久に排除することが難しい.
恐怖記憶の再発は,根本的な神経機構が不明のまま,不完全な消去を示唆しています.

研究の目的:

恐怖の記憶を永久に消去するための神経基盤を調査する.
恐怖記憶治療の効果と不安定性の基礎にある分子メカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

ネズミモデルの横側桃体におけるシナプス可塑性を研究した.
恐怖記憶の消去におけるカルシウム透過性α-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシル-5-メチル-4-イソクサゾールプロピオネート受容体 (AMPARs) の役割を調査した.
AMPA受容体のグルタミン酸受容体1 (GluR1) サブユニットのリン酸化を調べました.

主要な成果:

側杏仁核におけるカルシウムに浸透するAMPARのシナプス除去は,絶滅によって引き起こされる恐怖記憶の消去に極めて重要です.
このAMPAR可塑性の一時的な上昇調節は,記憶の劣化のための重要な時間窓を定義します.
これらの発見は,特定の分子イベントを恐怖記憶の消去の成功とタイミングと関連付けています.

結論:

恐怖記憶の消去には,特定のシナプスAMPARの除去が含まれます.
AMPARの可塑性は,最近の恐怖の記憶を劣化させるための時間窓を作り出します.
この研究は,感情的な記憶の消去のための分子機構とその固有の不安定性を明らかにします.

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