2010年のエヤフィヤヤヨクルの爆発的な噴火を誘発した侵入
Freysteinn Sigmundsson1, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Andrew Hooper
1Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik IS-101, Iceland. fs@hi.is
Nature
|November 19, 2010
まとめ
アイスランドのEyjafjallajökullの火山の変形は珍しいもので,単一のマグマ室に関連していない. 侵入と複雑な地上の動きが噴火に先行し,微妙な短期的な前駆者を有していた.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- 火山学 火山学とは
- リモートセンシング (リモートセンサー)
背景:
- マグマ室の膨張は通常噴火に先行し,急速なデフレーションを引き起こします.
- Eyjafjallajökullのような中等に活発な火山は,あまり理解されていない変形スタイルを示しています.
- 2010年のエヤフィヤラヨクール噴火は,18年間の火山の動乱の後でした.
研究 の 目的:
- 2010年のエヤフィヤラヨクール噴火の前およびその間に起こった異常な変形を調査するために.
- 適度な活火山での噴火を誘発する地下過程を理解するために.
- マグマの侵入,変形,噴火の間の関係を分析する.
主な方法:
- グローバル・ポジショニング・システム (GPS) の地質測定.
- 衛星レーダー画像のインターフェロメトリック分析.
- 噴火 kronology に関する変形パターンの分析.
主要な成果:
- 変形は最初の噴火の前に急速だったが,噴火中に軽微で,深層からマグマが生じたことを示している.
- およそ0.05km3のマグマの侵入は,複雑な方法で3ヶ月間にわたって成長しました.
- 膨張源とは異なる明確な収縮源が,第2次噴火中に特定されました.
- Eyjafjallajökullの挙動は,そのオフリフト設定と限られた浅いマグマに起因する.
結論:
- Eyjafjallajökullの噴火変形は,深いマグマ源と複雑な侵入によって引き起こされ,典型的なモデルから逸脱しました.
- 火山の沖の設定と地下構造は,その噴火行動に影響を与えます.
- 長期の不安信号は再目覚めに先行するかもしれないが,短期的な噴火の前兆は微妙である.
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