関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

08:15
Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton
Published on: July 28, 2023
南半球のバイオマス燃焼は,過去650年にわたって大きく変化しています
1Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
まとめ
大気中の一酸化炭素レベルは,南半球のバイオマス燃焼によって650年にわたって大幅に変動しました. 氷芯のデータは,燃焼活動の大きな変化を明らかにし,CO濃度と同位体比に影響を与えています.
科学分野:
- 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
- 大気化学 大気化学
背景:
- 大気中の一酸化炭素 (CO) は重要な温室効果ガスであり,大気中の過程のトレーサーである.
- 過去のCO変動を理解することは,気候モデリングと人類による影響の評価に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 大気中の一酸化炭素 (CO) 濃度と同位体組成 (δ(13) Cとδ(18) O) の650年の記録を南極の氷の核から再構築する.
- CO変動の歴史的要因,特に南半球におけるバイオマス燃焼を調査する.
主な方法:
- CO濃度および同位体比 (δ(13) Cおよびδ(18) O) を決定するために南極の氷芯の分析.
- バイオマス燃焼の変化を推論するために,同位体質量バランスモデルの適用.
- 650年間の大気記録の再構築.
主要な成果:
- CO濃度は1300年代半ばから1600年代まで約25%減少し,1800年代後半には回復した.
- 同位体比 (δ(13) C と δ(18) O) は,CO濃度の変化を反映した,相応の減少と増加を示した.
- 南半球におけるバイオマス燃焼は1600年代に約50%減少し,1800年代後半には約100%増加し,現在まで約70%減少しています.
結論:
- 南半球のバイオマスの燃焼は,過去の大気中のCO変動の主な原動力でした.
- バイオマス燃焼における10~100年規模の変動は,過去650年にわたって顕著に発生した.
- 氷の核の記録は,歴史的な大気組成と生地化学的サイクルに関する貴重な洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
What is Climate?
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Origin of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis represents a fundamental biological process that transformed Earth's atmosphere and paved the way for complex life. Emerging roughly 3.4–3.8 billion years ago, the earliest photosynthetic organisms harnessed light energy to produce organic compounds. These anoxygenic phototrophs used electron donors like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), rather than water, and did not release molecular oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct. Various groups, including green sulfur and purple...
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...