ニューラル幹細胞の栄養反応性グリア制御は静止状態から離脱する
James M Chell1, Andrea H Brand
1The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
Cell
|December 25, 2010
まとめ
栄養は,膠質細胞にインスリンのようなペプチドを生成する信号を送り,ドロソフィラの静止中の神経幹細胞 (ニューロブラスト) を再活性化させます. この経路は,全身のコントロールを回避し,食事中のタンパク質なしで成長を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 幹細胞の調節について
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- 系統的調節は,幹細胞の静止と増殖を制御し,生物のニーズを満たします.
- ドロソフィラのニューロブラストは,栄養に依存する信号によって調節される,発達中の静止期を示します.
- ニューロブラストの静止状態からの脱出の正確な経路は,ほとんど不明のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラニューロブラストの静止状態を調節する栄養に依存する経路を特定するために.
- ニューロブラスト再活性化におけるインスリン/IGF類ペプチドの役割を明らかにする.
- 系統信号が幹細胞の運命をどのように制御するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- 発達中のドロソフィラの神経芽細胞の行動を調査した.
- インスリン/IGFのようなペプチドを生成する,特定された膠質細胞.
- インスリン/IGFのようなペプチドの発現とPI3K/Aktのシグナル伝達を変更するために遺伝子操作を使用した.
主要な成果:
- 栄養に反応してインスリン/IGFのようなペプチドを生成する膠質細胞を発見した.
- ニューロブラスト静止退出のためのインスリン/IGF受容体経路の必要性を実証した.
- 強制的なインスリン/IGF型ペプチド発現またはPI3K/Aktの活性化が,食事中のタンパク質とは無関係に増殖を誘発することを示した.
結論:
- グリアル系インスリン/IGF型ペプチドは,栄養依存性ニューロブラスト静止退出を媒介する.
- インスリン/IGF受容体の経路は,栄養と幹細胞再活性化との間の重要なリンクです.
- ニューロブラストの増殖は,この経路を操作することによって,システミックコントロールから切り離すことができます.
関連する概念動画
01:04Glial Cells
96.9K
Overview
96.9K
01:19Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
4.2K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
4.2K
01:26Stem Cell Niche
6.6K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
6.6K
01:14Maintenance of the ES Cell State
2.8K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.8K
01:15Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue
2.1K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
2.1K
01:31Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells
12.7K
Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
12.7K