関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

09:06
Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
Published on: August 27, 2014
65pNでDNAを過度に伸縮させるには,自由末端やニックの剥離を必要としません
D Hern Paik1, Thomas T Perkins
1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 7, 2011
まとめ
超ストレッチDNAのメカニズムは,新しいアッセイで研究されました. DNAの過剰伸縮におけるヒステレシスは,ニックの結果であり,移行の要件ではありません.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
背景:
- DNAは,約65 pNで,オーバーストレッチングとして知られる重要な機械的移行を示しています.
- この過度なストレスの状態の正確なメカニズムと性質は,科学文献で議論の対象となっている.
- 既存のモデルでは,トランジション中に単一鎖DNA (ssDNA) の形成がしばしば含まれています.
研究 の 目的:
- オーバーストレッシングの移行におけるDNAトポロジーと整合性の役割を調査する.
- ssDNAの形成が前提条件なのか,それともDNAの過剰伸縮の結果なのかを判断する.
- DNA力拡張曲線におけるヒステレシスの起源を解明する.
主な方法:
- トポロジ的に閉ざされた,回転的に制約のないDNAアッセイの開発.
- 原子力顕微鏡や光学ピンチを使って,力を加え,DNAの拡張を測定する.
- 制御されたニークをDNAに導入し,過剰伸縮の移行とヒステリシスへの影響を観察する.
- 5μm/sの収縮速度でニークとニークなしのDNA力伸縮曲線を測定する.
主要な成果:
- クローズド・ニック・フリー・アッセイのDNAは,ヒステレスなしで65pNで正規のオーバーストレッチング移行を示した.
- シングルニックの導入は,力拡張曲線におけるヒステリシスを誘発した.
- ニックの数が増えたことは,より高いヒステリーシスの度合いと相関していた.
- オーバーストレッチングの移行自体には,既にあるニックやフリーエンドを必要としなかった.
結論:
- ssDNAの生成は,DNAの過剰伸縮のために必須のステップではありません.
- DNAの過剰伸縮で観察されるヒステレシスは,移行の固有の特性ではなく,ニックなどのDNA損傷の結果である.
- この発見は,無傷のDNAの機械的行動と,実験研究で観察されたヒステリシスに寄与する要因を明確にします.
関連する概念動画
Nucleotide Excision Repair
Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Homologous Recombination
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Base Excision Repair
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
The first step of...

