生まれつきの免疫なのか,適応免疫なのか? 自然のキラー細胞の例です
Eric Vivier1, David H Raulet, Alessandro Moretta
1Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Université de la Méditerranée UM 631, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France. vivier@ciml.univ-mrs.fr
まとめ
ナチュラルキラー (NK) 細胞は,生まれつきの免疫と適応免疫を結びつける重要な免疫細胞です. 最近の研究は,環境適応と免疫記憶を含む複雑な機能を明らかにし,伝統的な分類に挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- ナチュラルキラー (NK) 細胞は当初,固有の細胞毒性能力を有する先天性免疫リンパ球として特徴づけられました.
- 現代的な理解では,NK細胞の洗練された規制メカニズムが,多様な活性化受容体と抑制受容体を含むことを強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 自然殺虫剤 (NK) 細胞の機能に関する理解の進化を調査する.
- NK細胞の適応能力と記憶能力を調査する.
- NK細胞によって媒介される先天性免疫と適応性免疫の間の曖昧な機能的境界線を線引きする.
主な方法:
- NK細胞受容体発現と機能に関する最近の免疫学的研究のレビュー.
- NK細胞の環境適応と記憶形成の分析.
- 既成の先天性および適応性免疫応答を有するNK細胞機能の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- NK細胞は複雑な受容体レパートリーを持ち,自己耐性を病原体防御とバランスをとります.
- NK細胞の反応はプラスチックで,マイクロ環境のシグナルに適応します.
- 証拠によると,NK細胞は抗原特異免疫記憶を発達させることが示唆されています.
結論:
- NK細胞は,先天的免疫と適応的免疫の両方の側面を統合して,多面的な機能を発揮します.
- 生まれつきの免疫と適応免疫の伝統的な区別は,NK細胞の複雑さによって挑戦されています.
- NK細胞は,重要なリンクを代表し,主要な免疫系部門間の機能的な境界を曖昧にします.
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