テストの心配について書くことは,教室での試験成績を高めます
Gerardo Ramirez1, Sian L Beilock
1Department of Psychology and Committee on Education, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
まとめ
試験前の心配事について書くことは,学生のテストスコアを改善することができます. この単純な心理的介入は,特に不安のある学生にとって有益であり,高リスクの試験でのパフォーマンスを高めます.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 教育心理学の教育心理学について
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
背景:
- 高額な試験はプレッシャーを生み出し,一部の学生の不安や成績の低下につながります.
- 試験不安は,パフォーマンスや結果についての心配から生じる.
- テスト不安の背後にある心理的メカニズムを理解することは,効果的な介入策の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 高リスクの試験における生徒の成績を改善することを目的とした心理的介入をテストする.
- テストの不安を和らげる方法として表現的な文章の有効性を調査する.
- 試験のプレッシャーが特定の生徒のテストスコアに否定的な影響を及ぼす理由を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 2つの実験室と2つのランダム化フィールド実験を行いました.
- 高リスクのテストの直前,簡潔な表現的な書き込み介入を実施しました.
- 学生の試験成績に対する執筆介入の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 表現力のある書き方による介入は,生徒の試験成績を大幅に改善しました.
- ポジティブな効果は,テスト不安が習慣的だった生徒で特に顕著でした.
- この発見は,心配事について書くことが,パフォーマンス低下を軽減するという仮説を裏付けている.
結論:
- 試験前の短い表現力のある書き方練習は,学生のテストスコアを高めることができます.
- この介入は,テストの不安を管理し,学業成績を改善するための実用的な戦略を提供します.
- 試験前の不安をターゲットにした心理的介入は,高リスクの評価のパフォーマンスを高めるのに効果的です.
関連する概念動画
Reliability and Validity
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
Social Loafing
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test
The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
Metacognition
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...

