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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

固体状態のスピン・アンサンブルにおける絡み合い.

Stephanie Simmons1, Richard M Brown, Helge Riemann

  • 1Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.

Nature
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,シリコンの電子と核のスピン間のオンデマンド量子エンタグリングを達成しました. このブレークスルーは,量子情報処理と暗号化技術の進歩に不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

科学分野:

  • 量子情報科学とは,量子情報科学である.
  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 量子コンピューティング

背景:

  • 絡み合いは,量子コンピューティングや暗号学のような量子技術にとって根本的なものです.
  • 以前のスピン・アンサンブル実験は,量子制御に有用であったが,絡み合いを示さなかった.
  • 同位体工学で設計された,を添加したシリコンは,量子応用のための有望なプラットフォームを提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • シリコンシステムにおける電子と核のスピンの間のオンデマンド量子エンタグリングを実現するために.
  • 生成されたエンタグリング状態を高精度で検証するために.
  • スケーラブルなシリコンベースの量子情報処理のためのエンタグレメントの実現可能性を実証する.

主な方法:

  • 高場 (3.4テスラ) と低温 (2.9ケルビン) の電子スピン共振を利用した.
  • 純粋な初期状態を準備するために,-31核スピンのハイパーポラライゼーションを使用しました.
  • 状態の検証のための幾何学的な相ゲートを持つ応用密度マトリックストモグラフィー.

主要な成果:

  • 要求に応じて,電子と核スピンのアンサンブル間の絡み合いを成功裏に生成しました.
  • 絡み合った状態で98%の高精度を達成しました.
  • 10^10のスピンペアで同時に高精度エンタグリング操作を実証した.

結論:

  • この作品は,シリコン・スピン・アンサンブルにおける最初のオンデマンドのエンタグメント生成を紹介しています.
  • 高精度とスケーラビリティは,シリコンベースの量子情報プロセッサの重要な要件を満たしています.
  • この発見は,シリコンを用いた実用的な量子技術への道を開く.