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Transcription01:10

Transcription

155.9K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
155.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.6K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.6K
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

13.6K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
13.6K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

7.2K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
7.2K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.9K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.9K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.7K

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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

Published on: January 30, 2019

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新生トランスクリプトシーケンシングは,ニュクレオチド解像度でのトランスクリプションを視覚化します.

L Stirling Churchman1, Jonathan S Weissman

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Nature
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ネイティブ延長トランスクリプトシーケンシング (NET-seq) は,核酸解像度でのRNAポリメラーゼ活性をモニターします. この方法は,Rpd3S複合体が転写方向性をどのように制御し,核細胞がポリメラーゼを一時停止させることで延長を阻害するかを明らかにします.

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants
08:26

Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants

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関連する実験動画

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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
13:07

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants
08:26

Transcriptional Analysis by Nascent RNA FISH of In Vivo Trophoblast Giant Cells or In Vitro Short-term Cultures of Ectoplacental Cone Explants

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • トランスクリプトの調節には,複雑な開始後の制御と,迅速なトランスクリプトの劣化が含まれます.
  • トランスクリプト生成を理解するには,新生RNA分子を追跡する方法が必要です.
  • 以前の方法では,活性転写の核酸解像度追跡が欠けていました.

研究 の 目的:

  • ニュークレオチド解像度での新生トランスクリプトのモニタリングのための新しい方法を開発し,適用する.
  • プロモーターの指向性を制御するRpd3S複合体の役割を調査する.
  • トランスクリプション延長中のポリメラーゼの停止と逆行を特定し,特徴づけること.

主な方法:

  • Native elongating transcript sequencing (NET-seq) が開発され,RNAポリメラーゼに関連した新生トランスクリプトの3'端の深層配列を解析した.
  • NET-seqはSaccharomyces cerevisiaeに適用され,転写のダイナミクスを分析しました.
  • 計算分析は,プロモーターの方向性,一時停止,およびバックトラッキングサイトを特定するために使用されました.

主要な成果:

  • NET-seqは,転写のニュクレオチド解像度モニタリングを提供します.
  • Rpd3S脱エチル化複合体は,反意味転写を抑制することによって,プロモーターの方向性を強制する.
  • 広範囲にわたるポリメラーゼの停止と逆行は,トランスクリプト全体で発生し,ピークは核細胞で発生する.
  • 核粒子の誘発による一時停止は,体内での転写延長に重大な障壁として作用する.

結論:

  • NET-seqは,トランスクリプションのダイナミクスを研究するための強力なツールです.
  • Rpd3S複合体は,一方向転写を確立する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • 核細胞は,一時停止によって転写の延長を大幅に阻害し,重要な規制メカニズムを強調しています.