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関連する概念動画

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types.  Type I...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

配列特異的なB-DNAの柔軟性は,Z-DNA形成を調節する.

Jameson R Bothe1, Ky Lowenhaupt, Hashim M Al-Hashimi

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

B-DNAからZ-DNAへのDNA構造的移行は,遺伝子調節に不可欠です. この研究では,DNAの柔軟性がZ-DNA形成とB/Z交差点の位置にどのように影響し,CG-リピートが重要な役割を果たすかを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
16:24

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion
09:17

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

Published on: March 1, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
16:24

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion
09:17

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

Published on: March 1, 2022

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • 右利きB-DNAと左利きZ-DNAの間の移行は,生物学における重要な構造的変化です.
  • Z-DNAの形成は遺伝子発現と調節に不可欠ですが,エネルギー的に高価なB/Z結合が必要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 配列特異のB-DNAの柔軟性がZ-DNA形成の熱力学的傾向にどのように影響するか調査する.
  • B/Z結合の局所化におけるB-DNAの柔軟性の役割を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 自然に豊富に存在するNMR R(1ρ) 炭素リラクゼーション測定.
  • 円形の二重化 (CD) スペクトロスコーピー.

主要な成果:

  • 速 (ps-ns) と遅 (micros-ms) の時間スケールで観察されるシーケンス固有のB-DNAの柔軟性は,Z-DNA形成を調節する.
  • この柔軟性は,B/Z交差点に局限しています.
  • CG-リピートは,B-DNAの固有の柔軟性を積極的に調整します.

結論:

  • 配列特異的なB-DNAの柔軟性は,Z-DNAの形成とゲノム内の交差点の位置づけに影響を与える重要な要因です.
  • この柔軟性は,Z-DNAの長さと位置を制御するための規制メカニズムとして機能する可能性があります.