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関連する概念動画

Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

Overview
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Voltage-sensitive Dye Recording from Axons, Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of Individual Neurons in Brain Slices
12:51

Voltage-sensitive Dye Recording from Axons, Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of Individual Neurons in Brain Slices

Published on: November 29, 2012

軸索伝導中のアクションポテンシャル調節

Takuya Sasaki1, Norio Matsuki, Yuji Ikegaya

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

アクションポテンシャル (AP) は,古典的な見方とは対照的に,軸索に沿って形状を変更します. 局所要因の影響を受けるこの波形変調は,シナプス伝送に影響を与え,軸索計算を可能にします.

さらに関連する動画

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
13:56

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation
11:07

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: May 11, 2020

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Voltage-sensitive Dye Recording from Axons, Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of Individual Neurons in Brain Slices
12:51

Voltage-sensitive Dye Recording from Axons, Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of Individual Neurons in Brain Slices

Published on: November 29, 2012

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises
13:56

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation
11:07

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: May 11, 2020

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 神経生理学 神経生理学とは

背景:

  • 伝統的な理解では,軸索木に沿って均一なアクションポテンシャル (AP) の伝播を想定しています.
  • この見解では,APは軸索輸送中に波形を変えないと仮定しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • アクションポテンシャル (AP) が軸索伝播中に波形変調を起こすかどうかを調べる.
  • AP波形の変化がシナプス伝送に及ぼす機能的影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ヒポキャンパスのCA3ピラミッドニューロンアクソン分岐からのAPのex vivo記録のための光パッチクランプピペットを使用しました.
  • グルタミン酸とアデノシンA ((1) 受容体アンタゴニストを局所的にアクソン軸に適用します.
  • アストロサイトとニューロンの相互作用を評価するために,ペリアクソナル・アストロサイトでカルシウムを解き放った.

主要な成果:

  • アクソナルのAP波形は,グルタミン酸とアデノシンA ((1) 受容体の抗体による局所的投与で拡大した.
  • アストロサイト・カルシウム・アンケージングは,イオノトロプ的グルタミン酸受容体の活性化につながり,APsも拡大した.
  • 拡張されたAPは,前シナプスカルシウムの増加とシナプス伝送の強化をもたらしました.

結論:

  • アクションポテンシャルには,軸索に沿った局所的な波形変調が伴い,均一な伝播という古典的な見方に異議を唱える.
  • このAP改変は,アストロサイト活動と局所神経伝達物質の放出によって影響を受け,シナプスの有効性を変化させることができます.
  • 局所AP調節は,アクソンの配線幾何学を活用して,アクソンの計算のためのメカニズムを表す可能性があります.