気候変動がヨーロッパの生命の樹に及ぼす影響
Wilfried Thuiller1, Sébastien Lavergne, Cristina Roquet
1Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, FR-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. wilfried.thuiller@ujf-grenoble.fr
Nature
|February 18, 2011
まとめ
気候変動は種を脅かし,進化史の損失を大きく引き起こす可能性がある. しかし,絶滅は生命の樹の特定の枝に集中していないので,不均衡な進化的損失を軽減します.
科学分野:
- 生態学と進化生物学について
- 気候変動への影響に関する研究
- 生物多様性に関する研究は,
背景:
- 気候変動は,地球規模で種の脆弱性を高めると予測されています.
- 生物多様性の減少は,絶滅がランダムでない場合,進化の歴史に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
- これらの影響を理解することは,保全の取り組みにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候変動がヨーロッパの植物,鳥,哺乳類の遺伝子多様性に及ぼす影響を推定する.
- 気候変動に対する種の脆弱性が,系統遺伝学的に集まっているかどうかを評価する.
- 気候変動のシナリオの下でヨーロッパの進化史の未来を予測する.
主な方法:
- 2020年,2050年,2080年の気候変動予測の利用されたアンサンブル.
- 種間の関係を分析するために,高解像度の系統樹を用いた.
- 欧州の植物,鳥,哺乳類の集合体における系統遺伝的多様性を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 気候変動に対する種の脆弱性は,研究された種全体で弱い系統遺伝信号を示した.
- 絶滅の危険は,より少ないまたはより近い親類を持つ種に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼさなかった.
- 系統遺伝的多様性は,南ヨーロッパでは著しく減少すると予測され,高緯度/高地の地域では増加する.
結論:
- 生物多様性に対する気候変動の影響は,ランダムな絶滅パターンによる進化史の不釣り合いの損失につながらないかもしれない.
- 欧州の生命の樹は均質化に直面しており,地域的な利益にもかかわらず,系統遺伝的多様性の全体的な損失があります.
- 保護戦略は,生物多様性の地理的変化と,潜在的な均質化効果を考慮すべきである.
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