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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

古典的な選択的掃描は,最近の人類の進化において稀であった.

Ryan D Hernandez1, Joanna L Kelley, Eyal Elyashiv

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

進化の鍵となるメカニズムである古典的な選択的スイープは,人類の歴史において珍しいことのように見えます. 179人のヒトゲノムを分析した結果,この自然選択モデルが過去25万年にわたって支配的ではなかったことがわかりました.

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

科学分野:

  • 人間の進化 人類の進化
  • 人口遺伝学 人口遺伝学
  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは

背景:

  • 人間における遺伝的適応を特定することは,しばしば"古典的な選択的掃描"を検出することに依存しています.
  • クラシックな選択的スイープは,有益な突然変異が集団内で急速に固定される時に起こります.
  • 人間の進化におけるこの自然選択のメカニズムの流行は不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒトの進化における古典的な選択的掃描の証拠を調査する.
  • 古典的なスイープが過去25万年以上にわたって人間の適応を形作る支配的な力であったかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 179人のヒトゲノムからの再シーケンシングデータの分析.
  • エクソンや保存されたノンコーディング領域などの遺伝的特徴に関連した多様性レベルの検討.
  • ヒト特異のアミノ酸置換と同名の置換に関する多様性の低点の比較.

主要な成果:

  • 繰り返しのスウィップモデルによって予測されたように,多様性のレベルは,エクソンと保存されたノンコーディング領域の近くで減少しました.
  • ヒト特異のアミノ酸置換に関する多様性の減少は,同名の置換に関する多様性よりも大きくなかった.
  • アミノ酸および推定的調節部位のアレルは,集団間の高い差異化のために有意に濃縮されていませんでした.

結論:

  • 古典的な選択的スイープは,過去約25万年における人間の適応の主要な原動力ではなかった.
  • この発見は,古典的なスイープがヒトにおける進化的適応の支配的なモードであるという仮定に異議を唱えている.