細胞間ナノチューブはバクテリアのコミュニケーションを媒介する

Gyanendra P Dubey¹, Sigal Ben-Yehuda

¹Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Cell

|February 22, 2011

まとめ

バクテリアはナノチューブを通して伝達し,分子や遺伝子を細胞間で転送します. この新たに発見された細菌の伝達方法は,種間の非遺伝的耐性および遺伝的特性の獲得を促進します.

科学分野:

微生物学微生物学とは
細胞生物学細胞生物学
バクテリアのコミュニケーション

背景:

細菌は,伝統的に分泌された細胞外因子を介して通信します.
バクテリアにおける直接的な細胞間通信のメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
細菌の相互作用を理解することは,医学やバイオテクノロジーなどの分野にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

バクテリアのコミュニケーションの新しい形態を特定し,特徴づけること.
細胞間分子交換におけるナノチューブの役割を調査する.
ナノチューブが遺伝物質の移転と特徴の獲得を容易にするかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

バチルス・サブティリスをモデル生物として利用した.
光マーカーを用いたサイトプラズマ分子移転の可視化.
ナノチューブ構造を特定するために電子顕微鏡を用いた.
抗生物質耐性菌株と非結合性プラズミッドによる共同培養実験を実施しました.

主要な成果:

隣接する細菌細胞間のナノチューブ経由の細胞プラズマ分子の直接転送が確認されました.
分子交換による抗生物質耐性の一時的な獲得が実証されています.
非結合性プラズミドの移転が示され,遺伝的特性を授与する.
バチルス・サブティリス,スタフィロコッカス・オーレウス,エシェリキア・コライの間の種間ナノチューブ形成が観察されました.

結論:

バクテリアのナノチューブは,以前は特徴づけられていなかった細胞間通信の重要な形態を表しています.
ナノチューブ媒介による交換は,バクテリア集団の急速な適応と遺伝的多様化を促進します.
このメカニズムは,細菌種内および細菌種間での分子および遺伝子交換のためのネットワークを提供します.

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