東ベリンギアの末期プレイストセンの子供の火葬と住宅構造
Ben A Potter1, Joel D Irish, Joshua D Reuther
1Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. bapotter@alaska.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 26, 2011
まとめ
考古学者は,アラスカの古代人の遺骨と1万1500年前の家を見つけました. この発見は,プレイストセンの終わりからホロセンの初めの移行期間の初期のベリンギアの生命に関する新しい洞察を提供します.
科学分野:
- パレオアメリカン考古学
- パレオ環境再構築 パレオ環境再構築
- ヒューマン・パレオントロジー (人類古生物学)
背景:
- 限られた人の遺骸と居住地があるため,ベリンギア人の生活様式についての理解が困難です.
- プレイストセンの終わりからホロセンの初めの移行期は,人間の移住と適応にとって重要な時期です.
研究 の 目的:
- 新たに発見された人間の骨格の遺体と住宅構造について報告する.
- プレイストセーン・ホロセーン境界におけるベリンギアの生活様式に関する洞察を提供するため.
- 既存の考古学的記録との関係で遺跡と構造の特徴を分析する.
主な方法:
- アラスカ中部にある1万1500年前の半地下住宅の発掘と分析.
- 家の中の穴から火葬された人間の骨格の残骸の回収と検査.
- 埋葬・火葬と家の特徴を,シベリアの上古石器時代と北米の古代インディアンの遺跡との比較分析.
主要な成果:
- 3歳の子供の火葬された遺体の発見.
- 保存状態が良好な半地下住宅の構造を特定した.
- この遺跡は,シベリアと北米の旧石器時代の文化との類似性とともに,ユニークな特徴を備えています.
結論:
- この発見は,ベリンギアにおける人間の存在と活動に関する珍しい直接的な証拠を提供する.
- このサイトは,葬儀の慣行と家庭生活のユニークな窓を提供します.
- これからの研究により,ホロセンの初期にアジアと北米の間のつながりを明らかにすることができます.
関連する概念動画
02:56The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
01:27Diversity of Archaea III
Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like environments.Morphological...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
01:23Surface Appendages of Archaea
Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
01:29Life Histories
Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...
01:22Sutures of the Skull
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...