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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
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Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

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系統遺伝学的分析は,アネリドの進化を解明する.

Torsten H Struck1, Christiane Paul, Natascha Hill

  • 1University of Osnabrück, FB05 Biology/Chemistry, AG Zoology, Barbarastrasse 11, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany. struck@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de

Nature
|March 4, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

フィロゲノミクス分析により,アネリダ (リングワーム) の進化史が明らかになり,エランティアやセデントリアのような主要なクラドの関係が明らかになった. この研究は,アネリドの生命の樹を再構築し,ボディプランの進化の洞察を提供します.

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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