狩猟採集社会における共同居住パターンは,ユニークな人間社会構造を示しています

Kim R Hill¹, Robert S Walker, Miran Bozicević

¹School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. kim.hill@asu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 12, 2011

まとめ

人間の狩猟採集社会は,遺伝的に無縁の成人の間の協力を可能にするユニークな社会構造を示しています. これらの大規模なソーシャルネットワークは,社会的学習と累積的な文化の進化を促した可能性が高い.

科学分野:

アントロポロジー (人類学)
進化生物学の進化生物学について
考古学考古学とは

背景:

人間の生物学的成功は,累積的な文化と協力から生まれる.
これらの特徴の起源を理解するには,祖先の集団構造を調べる必要があります.
集客は人類の歴史の95%を占めており,その社会的パターンは極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

現代の採食社会における共同居住パターンを分析する.
人類の祖先集団の社会構造を理解する.
社会的構造,協力,そして累積的な文化との関係を探求する.

主な方法:

32の現代の採食社会における共同居住パターンを研究した.
5067人の個人からデータを収集した.
経験者の平均バンドサイズ (28.2人の成人) を計算した.

主要な成果:

狩猟採集者の社会構造は,性別偏差または均等な分散を特徴としています.
成人した兄弟姉妹は,多くの場合,住宅グループで共同居住しています.
これらのグループ内のほとんどの個体は遺伝的に無関係です.

結論:

狩猟採集者の社会構造は,関係のない成人の大きなネットワークを作り出します.
インクルーシブ・フィットネスだけでは,これらの帯域での広範な協力を完全に説明することはできません.
大規模なソーシャルネットワークは,社会的学習と累積的な文化の進化を促したのかもしれない.

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