関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
11:22
Measuring the Kinetics of mRNA Transcription in Single Living Cells
Published on: August 25, 2011
哺乳類の遺伝子は,非常に異なる爆発運動で転写されています
David M Suter1, Nacho Molina, David Gatfield
1Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 19, 2011
まとめ
遺伝子転写は突発的に発生し,細胞内のユニークなmRNA合成パターンを生み出します. これらの爆発運動は遺伝子特異であり,DNA要素の影響を受け,遺伝子は再活性化前に耐火期に入ります.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- プロカリオットとユーカリオットのほとんどの遺伝子は,静寂期によって隔てられた短い爆発で転写されます.
- 遺伝子発現のダイナミクスを理解することは,細胞のプロセスを解読する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 転写突起が,哺乳類の細胞におけるメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) 合成の遺伝子特異的な時間パターンを生成する方法を調査する.
- 高時間解像度での転写突破の運動性を特徴づけるために.
主な方法:
- 不安定なmRNAから短期間のルシフェラーゼタンパク質を発現する遺伝子トラップとトランスジェニック細胞系の開発.
- 転写を監視するためのリアルタイム単細胞生物発光記録.
- 転写活動,スイッチング率,バースト中のmRNA生成を分析するための数学的モデリング.
主要な成果:
- 転写突破運動は遺伝子特異性があり,切り替え速度は異なっています.
- 突発時に生成されるmRNAの平均数は,遺伝子によって大きく異なります.
- シス調節性DNA要素は,トランスクリプションの運動を著しく影響する.
- 遺伝子は耐火期を呈し,爆発後,特定の期間不活性のままである.
結論:
- 転写突破は,哺乳類の細胞で遺伝子特異的な発現パターンを生成する基本的なメカニズムです.
- 耐火期を含む遺伝子特異的な突破運動は,遺伝子発現のダイナミクスを調節するために重要である.
- この研究は,単細胞レベルでの遺伝子転写の時間的調節に関する洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:30General Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
02:41Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
01:53Bacterial Transcription
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
02:16Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...