線形ユビキチネーションは炎症を予防し,免疫信号を調節する
Björn Gerlach1, Stefanie M Cordier, Anna C Schmukle
1Tumour Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
Nature
|April 2, 2011
まとめ
SHARPINは,免疫信号伝達における重要なタンパク質として特定されています. TNF誘発の細胞死と炎症を,線形ユビキチネーションを in vivo 調節することによって防ぐ.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- セルラー・シグナリング
背景:
- 腫瘍死滅因子 (TNF) 受容体スーパーファミリーのメンバーは,免疫と炎症に不可欠です.
- HOIL-1とHOIPによって組み立てられた線形ユビキチン鎖は,TNFシグナル伝達に関与しているが,そのインビボ関連性は不明であった.
研究 の 目的:
- TNFシグナル伝達に関与する線形ユビキチン鎖アセンブリ複合体の構成要素を特定する.
- 免疫調節と炎症におけるSHARPINのインビボの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- TNFシグナル伝達複合体を分析するための質量スペクトロメトリ.
- シャーピン遺伝子の遺伝子変異分析 (シャーピン ((cpdm/cpdm)).
- TNF,CD40リガンド,およびIL-1βへの反応における遺伝子誘導と細胞死亡の評価.
主要な成果:
- SHARPINは,CD40およびTNF受容体シグナル伝達に採用された線形ユビキチン鎖組立複合体の3番目の構成要素として特定されました.
- RIP1とNEMOは,TNFシグナル伝達複合体において線形的にユビキチン化されていることが判明しました.
- シャーピン変異 (cpdm/cpdm) は,慢性皮膚炎,リンパ性器官生成障害,衰弱した遺伝子誘導,TNF誘発死亡に対する感受性をもたらした.
- Tnf遺伝子の欠乏がCPDMマウスの皮膚病変を予防した.
結論:
- SHARPINは,TNF受容体シグナル伝達複合体における線形ユビキチン化を可能にし,TNF誘発細胞死を抑制し,炎症を予防します.
- 線形ユビキチネーションは,炎症を予防し,免疫シグナリングを調節するために,in vivoにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Inflammatory Response
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...

