暖かい海水によって誘発された東部の大陸の国境の冬の寒さ
1California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. yohai@alum.mit.edu
Nature
|April 2, 2011
まとめ
北東の大陸は,大気波による異常な冬の寒さを経験しています. 暖かい海洋水は,これらのロスビー波を駆動し,東部の大陸の境界を冷却し,世界の気象パターンに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候学 気候学
- 気象学 気象学 気象学
背景:
- 北北アメリカとアジアの北東は,類似の緯度で異常な冬の寒さを示しています.
- 以前の説明は,地形と海上の影響力の欠如に関与していましたが,大陸の違いは他の要因を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 北東大陸における異常な冬の寒さを説明する大気波放射線の役割を調査する.
- 地域間の気温の相違に寄与するオログラフィーや海洋の影響を超えたメカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 理想化された一般循環モデルを用いたシミュレーション.
- 大規模な大気波 (ロスビー波) の西向き放射の分析.
- グループ速度や惑星の自転への依存など,ロスビー波の性質の検討.
主要な成果:
- 異常な冬の寒さは,海洋温暖化によって発生した西向きに広がるロスビー波によって部分的に説明されます.
- 寒い地域の範囲は,ロスビー波の特徴によって決定されます.
- 暖かい海の水は,東部の大陸の境界を冷却し,気温のコントラストを生み出します.
結論:
- ロスビー波のダイナミクスは,特定の大陸地域における異常な冬の冷却の重要なメカニズムである.
- 海洋の温暖化は,西の境界の温暖化だけでなく,東の境界の冷却にも影響を及ぼします.
- このメカニズムは,大陸の東と西の間の中緯度冬気温のコントラストに貢献しています.
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