リスインから遺伝子でコードされたアミノ酸ピロリシンの完全な生物合成
Marsha A Gaston1, Liwen Zhang, Kari B Green-Church
1Department of Microbiology, 484 West 12th Avenue, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Nature
|April 2, 2011
まとめ
22番目のアミノ酸であるピロリシンは,ライシンから生物合成されます. この発見は,遺伝子コードの進化と再結合タンパク質の生産に影響を与えるピロリシン経路を明確にします.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ピロリシンは,メタノゲネシスに不可欠な22番目の遺伝子でコードされたアミノ酸です.
- その生物合成経路は,アーカイアにおける役割にもかかわらず,未知のままでした.
- Escherichia coliにおけるピロリシン合成には,pylTSBCD遺伝子とピロリシル-tRNA合成酵素が含まれています.
研究 の 目的:
- ピロリシンの未知の生物合成経路を解明するため.
- ピロリシンの形成に関与する前駆体分子と酵素的ステップを特定する.
- ピロリシン合成におけるピロB,ピロC,ピロD遺伝子の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- ピロリシン生物合成変異体の遺伝子解析.
- 経路の中間物質と製品を特定するための質量スペクトロメトリ.
- 再結合酵素を用いた実験室内試験.
主要な成果:
- ピロリシンは,2つのリシン分子から,pylBCDに依存する経路で合成されます.
- ラジカルなSAM酵素PylBはライシンミュータゼとして作用し,3-メチルオルニチンを形成する.
- PylCは3-メチルオルニチンをリシンに結合し,PylDは中間物質を酸化してピロリシンになる.
- デスメチルピロリシンの中間物質が特定されたが,さらに変換されることはなかった.
結論:
- リジンは,ピロリシン生物合成の唯一の前駆体である.
- 特定された経路は,ピロリシン合成の完全な理解を提供します.
- この発見は,遺伝子コードの進化を理解し,バイオテクノロジーの応用に意味を持つ.
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