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非伝染性疾患危機に対する優先措置
Robert Beaglehole1, Ruth Bonita, Richard Horton
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. r.beaglehole@auckland.ac.nz
Lancet (London, England)
|April 9, 2011
まとめ
心臓病やがんなどの非伝染性疾患 (NCD) を対象とした世界的な行動計画では,5つの主要な介入策が提案されています. タバコ対策は,最も緊急の優先事項であり,2040年までに,世界全体でタバコをなくすことを目指しています.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 非伝染性疾患 (NCD) は,貧困削減や経済安定などの開発目標を阻害し,世界的な健康危機を大きく引き起こしています.
- 心臓病,脳卒中,癌,糖尿病,慢性呼吸器疾患を含むNCDは,世界中で早死,罹病率,および障害の主な原因です.
研究 の 目的:
- 総合的なグローバル戦略の概要をまとめ,NCDの危機的状況と闘うための優先措置を提案する.
- NCDの予防と治療のための重要な介入を特定し,費用対効果と実現可能性を強調します.
- NCDによる早期死亡率と障害を減らすための持続的な世界的な運動を提唱する.
主な方法:
- ランセットのNCDアクショングループとNCDアライアンスでは,リーダーシップ,予防,治療,国際協力,モニタリングと説明責任の5つの包括的な優先措置を提案しています.
- 5つの優先措置が挙げられている: タバコの規制,塩分削減,改善された食事と身体活動の改善,有害なアルコール摂取の削減,そして必須医薬品と技術へのアクセス.
- 介入は,健康への影響,費用対効果,実施の可行性,政治的可行性に基づいて選択されました.
主要な成果:
- 最も緊急の優先事項は,たばこ対策であり,2040年までに世界のたばこ使用率が5%以下になるという目標が掲げられています.
- これらの優先的な介入の実施には,年間約90億米ドルの推定の世界的コミットメントが必要です.
- これらの介入の広範な採用は,NCDの死亡率を年間2%削減し,何百万もの早期死亡を回避すると予測されています.
結論:
- リーダーシップ,予防,治療に焦点を当てた協調的なグローバルな対応は,NCD危機に対処するために不可欠です.
- 費用対効果の高い介入,特にたばこ対策への戦略的投資は,社会的,経済的にも大きな利益をもたらすことができます.
- NCDの減少に向けた世界的な目標を達成するには,持続的な政治的意志,国際的な協力,そして強力な監視メカニズムが必要です.
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