生物多様性は,ニッチ分割を通じて水質を改善する

Bradley J Cardinale¹

¹University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources & Environment, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, USA. bradcard@umich.edu

Nature

|April 9, 2011

まとめ

流れのバイオフィルムにおける藻類の種多様性の増加は,窒素の吸収を高めます. この生物多様性は,異なる種がユニークな生息地ニッチを利用し,水の質を向上させることで,栄養素の除去を促進します.

科学分野:

エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー
環境科学環境科学
リムテクノロジーとは

背景:

過剰な栄養素の負荷は,世界の主要な水汚染問題である.
種多様性が高い生態系は,栄養素の除去においてより効率的です.
生物多様性と栄養素の吸収を結びつけるメカニズムは不明である.

研究の目的:

種の多様性が,流れのバイオフィルムにおける窒素の吸収にどのように影響するか調査する.
栄養管理における生物多様性の役割の背後にある生物学的メカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

150のストリームメソコスムを使って,自然流の条件を模倣した.
操作された藻類の種類が流れのバイオフィルムに富んでいる.
(15) Nラベル付き窒素を用いて窒素の吸収量を測定した.

主要な成果:

窒素の吸収は,種の豊かさに沿って線形的に増加した.
藻類のニッチ分割により,窒素の吸収と貯蔵が増加した.
さまざまなコミュニティは,多様な微生物生息地を利用することで,より多くの窒素を捕獲しました.

結論:

種の多様性は,ニッチの差異化を通じて栄養素の吸収を高めます.
生物多様性は,水生生態系における栄養分除去の効率を向上させることができます.
生物多様性の保全は,栄養素汚染の影響を軽減するための戦略かもしれません.

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