音声の多様性は,アフリカから言語の拡大の連続的な創始者効果モデルをサポートしています
1Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. q.atkinson@auckland.ac.nz
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 2011
まとめ
人間の遺伝的多様性は,創始者の影響により,アフリカからの距離とともに減少する. この研究は,言語の多様性,特に音声数の多様性が同様のパターンをたどり,人間の言語のアフリカ起源を支持していることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 言語学 言語学とは
- 人間の進化 人類の進化
- 人口遺伝学 人口遺伝学
背景:
- 人類の遺伝的多様性は,アフリカからの距離が大きくなるにつれて減少しています.
- このパターンは,人間の移住中の連続的な創始者効果に起因する.
- 新興の証拠は,同様のプロセスが文化的および言語的多様性を形作る可能性があることを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 言語の多様性,特にフォネムカウントが連続的な創始者効果モデルに従っているかどうかを調査する.
- 人間の言語の拡大がアフリカから始まったかどうかを判断する.
- 遺伝的多様性と言語的多様性の両方に影響を与える並列メカニズムを探求する.
主な方法:
- 504言語のグローバルサンプルにおける音声多様性の分析.
- 連続的な創始者効果モデルを,観察された言語データに対してテストするための統計モデリング.
- 近年の人口統計史,地域言語の多様性,言語ファミリーの非独立性に関する制御分析.
主要な成果:
- 音声の数の有意な減少が観察され,アフリカからの距離とともに減少した.
- フォネム多様性の観察されたパターンは,アフリカに起源を持つ連続的な創始者効果モデルに強く適合しています.
- この言語パターンは,最近の人口統計的要因や言語ファミリー構造とは無関係であった.
結論:
- 言語的多様性は,遺伝的多様性と同様に,人間の拡張過程で連続的な創始者の効果によって形作られているようです.
- この発見は,現代の人間の言語の起源がアフリカにあることを強く支持しています.
- これは,平行な進化的メカニズムがヒトの遺伝子と言語の両方に影響を与えたことを示唆しています.
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