人間の腸内微生物群のエントロタイプ
Manimozhiyan Arumugam1, Jeroen Raes, Eric Pelletier
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Nature
|April 22, 2011
まとめ
全世界で,国籍に関係なく,ヒト腸内微生物群の3つの異なる腸型が存在する. これらの腸型は,安定した共生状態を表し,食事や薬に対する反応に影響を与える可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 人体健康 人体健康 人体健康
背景:
- 人間の腸内微生物の研究は拡大しているが,世界の多様性とその要因は依然として十分に理解されていない.
- 現在の知識は限られたコホートに依存しており,より広範な国際的な研究が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腸内微生物の組成のグローバルなパターンを特定し,特徴づけること.
- ホストの特性と腸内微生物群の構造との関係を調査する.
- 微生物のコミュニティ構造の機能的影響を探求する.
主な方法:
- 4カ国の既存のデータセットと22の新しい便のメタゲノムを組み合わせた.
- 微生物のクラスター (腸型) を特定するために,バイオインフォマティック分析を使用しました.
- 2つの独立した,より大きなコホートで検証された腸型発見.
主要な成果:
- 3つの強固で国固有の腸内微生物エンテロタイプを特定しました.
- 確認されたエンテロタイプは,集団全体で連続ではなく,階層化されています.
- 豊富な種が常に豊富な分子機能を提供しているとは限らないことを発見しました.
- 年齢とBMIと相関する宿主特有のマーカー遺伝子と機能モジュールを発見した.
結論:
- 人間の腸内微生物群の多様性は,限られた数の腸型によって特徴付けられています.
- エントロタイプは,異なる宿主-微生物の共生状態を表し,食事と薬剤への反応に潜在的な影響を及ぼします.
- 微生物マーカーは,年齢やBMIなどの宿主特性を診断する可能性がある.
関連する概念動画
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
1.7K
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
1.7K
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
209
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Development of Human Microbiota
61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
Microbiota of the Large Intestine
98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98
Functions of the Gut Microbiota
233
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
233


