ブラジルにおける暴力と負傷:その影響,達成された進展,今後の課題
Michael Eduardo Reichenheim1, Edinilsa Ramos de Souza, Claudia Leite Moraes
1Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. michael@ims.uerj.br
Lancet (London, England)
|May 13, 2011
まとめ
殺人や交通事故を含む暴力は,ブラジルの主要な公衆衛生問題であり,若くて貧しい男性に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしています. これらの課題に取り組むには,成功した立法と行動計画の進展を評価し,統合する必要があります.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
背景:
- 殺人や交通事故による負傷は,ブラジルにおける外部原因による死亡のほぼ3分の2を占めています.
- 家庭内暴力は,死亡者数が少ないが,罹患率に大きく寄与する.
- 暴力は個人的にも集団的にも大きなコストを伴い,被害者の人口統計は異なっている.
研究 の 目的:
- ブラジルの暴力関連死亡率と発症率の範囲と決定要因を分析する.
- 地域社会および家庭内暴力における主要な被害者および加害者のプロフィールを特定する.
- 暴力と怪我の予防に対するブラジルの立法と行動計画の対応を評価する.
主な方法:
- 外部原因に関連する死亡率および発症率データの分析.
- 暴力における人口,社会経済,地域格差の検討.
- 薬物乱用,銃器の入手可能性,輸送システムなど,暴力に寄与する要因のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 2007年,殺人事件と交通事故による死亡率は,それぞれ10万人当たり26.8%,23.5%でした.
- 若い人,黒人,貧しい男性は,コミュニティ暴力の主要な被害者/加害者であり,貧しい黒人女性や子どもたちは,家庭内暴力の主要な被害者です.
- 社会文化的な要因,アルコール/薬物乱用,銃器の入手可能性,不十分な交通インフラが暴力に関連しています.
結論:
- ブラジルは,暴力と負傷と闘うための立法と行動計画の進展を遂げました.
- 成功した介入の評価と統合は,継続的な進歩のために不可欠です.
- 社会文化的決定因子とシステム的な問題に対処する包括的なアプローチが必要である.
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