ホルモンは,ゲノムに即時メッセージを送ります
Andreas Prokesch1, Mitchell A Lazar
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Cell
|May 14, 2011
まとめ
研究者は,乳がん細胞におけるエストロゲン受容体活性化後のRNA合成変化を観察するための新しい配列決定法を開発した. これは,トランスクリプトミクスとシス調節要素の研究を橋渡ししています.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- がん研究 がん研究
背景:
- エストロゲン受容体 (ER) 信号伝達は,ヒトの乳がんの発達と進行において極めて重要です.
- 遺伝子発現を調節するシス作用の要素を理解することは,ER媒介細胞反応の解読に不可欠です.
- 既存の方法は,RNA合成のダイナミックな変化を包括的に分析する上で限界があります.
研究 の 目的:
- エストロゲン受容体の活性化によるRNA合成の変化を調査する.
- トランスクリプトミクスとシストロミクスとの間のギャップを埋めるために.
- 乳がん細胞におけるRNA合成ダイナミクスの前例のない視点を提供するため.
主な方法:
- 次世代のシーケンシング技術の応用.
- 人間の乳がん細胞におけるRNA合成の分析.
- エストロゲン受容体の活性化に重点を置く.
主要な成果:
- RNA合成の変化の詳細なマッピング.
- シストロミック調節に関する前例のない洞察力.
- 重要な転写イベントの特定.
結論:
- 次世代のシーケンシングは,シストロミクスを研究するための強力なツールを提供します.
- エストロゲン受容体の活性化により,RNA合成に重大な変化が生じます.
- このアプローチは,乳がんにおける遺伝子調節に関する私たちの理解を前進させています.
関連する概念動画
01:08Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System
A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
01:21Cell-surface Signaling
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
01:26Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
01:45Endocrine Signaling
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
01:45Endocrine Signaling
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
01:22Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...