原始的なモデル細胞の完全な芽生えと非対称な分裂により,内部と膜の組成が異なる子膀が生成されます
Meghan Andes-Koback1, Christine D Keating
1Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 20, 2011
まとめ
単純なモデル細胞は,生物学的システムを模倣し,非対称的分裂を達成しました. これらの無生命の巨大脂質小胞 (GVs) は,化学的に異なる子小胞を生成し,細胞分裂の起源に関する洞察を提供しました.
科学分野:
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 化学生物学 化学生物学とは
- 生命の起源の研究 生命の起源の研究
背景:
- 非対称な細胞分裂は,生物学における分化と発達に不可欠である.
- 単細胞生物は細胞分裂非対称性を研究するためのモデルとして機能しますが,これらは複雑です.
- 細胞分裂の基本的な原理を理解するために,シンプルで無生命のモデルシステムが必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 非対称的分裂を行うことができる単純な,無生命のモデル細胞を作成し,研究する.
- これらのモデル細胞によって産生される子胞の化学的および形態学的特異性を調査する.
- 非対称な細胞分裂を誘発する脂質ドメインと内部相分離の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- ポリエチレングリコール (PEG) /デクストラン水性二相システム (ATPS) を包み込む巨大な脂質小胞 (GVs) をサイトプラズマ模倣として利用しました.
- 組み込まれた三元脂質組成は,共存する液体無秩序 (L(d)) と液体有秩序 (L(o)) の膜領域を作成します.
- オスモティック圧力の変化による誘発された芽生えと分裂は,砂糖の添加によって変化します.
主要な成果:
- モデル細胞の完全な芽生えと非対称な分裂を達成し,内部と膜の組成が異なる子膀を生成します.
- 分離は水分と水分相の境界で発生し,PEGに富むとデクストランに富む相を異なる子相に分離することを示した.
- L ((o) ドメインのPEG化脂質が,好ましくPEGに富んだ芽を覆い,過剰な膜ドメインが特定の娘に継承されていることを示した.
結論:
- 単純な自己組み立てシステムでは,非対称な分裂のような複雑な行動を示し,異なる組成の子膀を生成します.
- これらのATPSを含むGVは,非対称的な細胞分裂と遺伝における空間的および組織的ヒントを研究するためのテスト可能なプラットフォームを提供します.
- この発見は,分子組成の基本的な原理が,細胞分裂のような生物学的過程の基礎となる可能性があることを示唆している.
関連する概念動画
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content
Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Binary Fission
Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
The Phragmoplast
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The...
Cellular Differentiation
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
A zygote is a...


