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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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ヒトのトランスクリプトームにおける広範囲にわたるRNAとDNA配列の違い

Mingyao Li1, Isabel X Wang, Yun Li

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 21, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

科学者たちは,ヒトのトランスクリプトームで1万以上のRNA-DNAの違いを発見しました. これらの広範な変異は,複数の個体と細胞タイプで発見され,ゲノム変異の新たな側面を表しています.

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07:28

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Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis
12:44

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster

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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • トランスクリプトミクス (Transcriptomics) とは

背景:

  • 分子生物学の中心的な教義は,DNAからRNAへの情報フローを記述しています.
  • RNA配列の変異を理解することは,遺伝子発現と調節を理解するために重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒトのトランスクリプトームにおけるRNAとDNAの配列間の不一致の程度と性質を調査する.
  • これらのRNA-DNAの差異がランダムであるか,または特定のパターンを示すかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 27人のヒトB細胞からのRNAとDNAの比較シーケンシング.
  • RNAとDNAの配列間の不一致を検出するためのエクソニックサイトの分析.
  • 不協和なRNA配列から翻訳されたペプチドを検出するための質量スペクトロメトリ.

主要な成果:

  • RNA-DNAの差異を持つ10,000以上の外来部位が特定されました.
  • シーケンス不一致の12の可能なカテゴリはすべて観察されました.
  • これらの違いは非ランダムで,複数の個体と細胞タイプ (例えば,皮膚,脳) で現れる.
  • 矛盾したRNA配列に対応するペプチドは,質量スペクトロメトリで検出されました.

結論:

  • ヒトのトランスクリプトームには,広範囲にわたるRNA-DNAの差異が存在する.
  • これらの変異は,ヒトゲノム変異のこれまで未知の次元を表しています.
  • この発見は,DNAとRNAの完ぺきな信頼性という仮定に異議を唱え,遺伝的多様性や病気を理解するための意味を持つ.