コンデンシンとヒストンH2Aの関連はミトシカ染色体を形成する
Kenji Tada1, Hiroaki Susumu, Takeshi Sakuno
1Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
Nature
|June 3, 2011
まとめ
分裂酵母の研究は,コンデンシンタンパク質がキネトコアとクロマチンに徴用され,細胞分裂中に染色体構造を調節する方法を示しています. これは,ミトーシスにおける正確な染色体分割のための分子基盤を明らかにする.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 染色体構造の調節は細胞分裂に不可欠である.
- コンデンシンタンパク質は染色体の凝縮と分割に重要な役割を果たします.
- キネトコアにおけるコンデンシンの正確な役割と負荷機構は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- コンデンシン募集における分裂酵母キネトコアタンパク質 Pcs1 と Mde4 の役割を調査する.
- 染色体とのコンデンシン関連に関与する染色素因子を特定する.
- ミトスの染色体構造の時空調節を解明する.
主な方法:
- 分裂酵母 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) をモデル生物として利用した.
- キネトコアタンパク質,コンデンシン,クロマチンの相互作用を研究した.
- コンデンシン酸化と局所化におけるオーロラBキナーゼの役割を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 分裂酵母Pcs1およびMde4タンパク質は,キネトコアでコンデンシン徴募剤として作用する.
- コンデンシンは,メタフェーズキネトコアにおけるマイクロチューブル結合部位を締め付けることができる.
- コンデンシンのオーロラBキナーゼ依存型リン酸化は,ヒストンH2AおよびH2A.Z.との結合を促進する.
- アナフェーズ中のコンデンシン酸化と堆積のピークは,オーロラBキナーゼ移転と相関しています.
結論:
- Pcs1とMde4は,キネトコアへのコンデンシン募集の重要な要因である.
- ヒストンH2AとH2A.Zは,コンデンシンのための保存されたクロマチンの受容体として機能する.
- オーロラBキナーゼは,適切な染色体分離のためにコンデンシンリン酸化と染色体結合をオーケストラします.
関連する概念動画
The Nucleosome
DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
The Nucleosome
DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The Nucleosome
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...


