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関連する概念動画

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 31, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

ディナトロゲンのシル化と,ハフノセンの複合体による割裂.

Scott P Semproni1, Emil Lobkovsky, Paul J Chirik

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,ハフノセンの複合体を使用して,二酸化窒素,一酸化炭素,およびオルガノシランからホルマミドの合成を実証しています. このプロセスは,シル化,N-N結合割れ,炭化化を含み,有機分子への新しい経路を示しています.

科学分野:

  • 有機金属化学 有機金属化学
  • 無機化学 無機化学とは
  • カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス

背景:

  • 二酸化窒素 (N2) の活性化は,化学における重要な課題であり続けています.
  • ハフノセンの複合体は,小分子活性化のためのユニークな反応性を提供します.
  • オルガノシランは合成化学における多用途の反応剤である.

研究 の 目的:

  • ハフノセンの二酸化窒素複合体のシライレーションを調査するために.
  • ダイナトロゲンリガンドの割れ目を調査するために.
  • N2とCOから有機分子を合成する.

主な方法:

  • ハフノセンの二酸化窒素複合体をCySiH3.3でシリレーションする.
  • シリアル化された中間物質の熱活性化.
  • 二酸化窒素裂解産物の炭基化.
  • 酸性加工により,最終的な有機製品が得られます.

主要な成果:

  • シリレーション中にN-SiとHf-H結合の形成.
  • 温暖化時にシリル移動によって引き起こされるN-N結合分裂.

さらに関連する動画

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
12:27

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

Published on: September 8, 2013

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
12:27

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

Published on: September 8, 2013

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

  • カーボニレーションによる前例のないμ-フォームミジドリガンドの合成.
  • HCl.で処理した後にホルマミドの放出.

    • 結論:

    • ディナイトロゲン分裂と機能化のための新しい方法を実証しました.
    • 豊富な小分子 (N2,CO) とオルガノシランからフォルマミドを成功して合成した.
    • ハフノセンの複合体の持続可能な合成における可能性を強調する.