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都市生活と都市での育成は,人間の神経の社会的ストレス処理に影響します
Florian Lederbogen1, Peter Kirsch, Leila Haddad
1Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
Nature
|June 24, 2011
まとめ
都市生活は,社会的ストレスに対する脳の反応を変えることで,精神的健康に影響を及ぼします. 現在の都市生活は桃体の活動を増加させ,都市での育成は前帯状皮質に影響し,異なる神経機構を明らかにする.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 環境心理学 環境心理学
- 都市保健 都市保健とは
背景:
- 世界の人口の半分以上が都市部に住んでおり,健康的な都市環境が必要である.
- 都市生活は,気分,不安,統合失調症の罹患率の増加と関連しています.
- 都市化がもたらす精神的健康への影響の根底にある神経機構は,未だにほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 現在の都市生活と都市での育児が社会的ストレス処理に与える神経の影響を調査する.
- 都市環境要因の影響を受ける特定の脳領域とメカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,3つの独立した実験で採用されました.
- 社会的評価的ストレスに対する参加者の反応を測定した.
- 制御実験では,特異性を確保するために,ストレスなしで認知処理を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 現在の都市生活は,桃体の活動が高まったことと関連していました.
- 都市での育ちは,ストレス調節に重要な領域であるペリゲヌアル前帯状皮質に特に影響を及ぼしました.
- これらの効果は地域特異的であり,他の脳構造や非ストレスの認知作業には影響はありません.
結論:
- 都市化は,社会的評価的ストレスの神経処理に分離的な影響を及ぼします.
- 異なる脳領域 (桃体,ペリゲヌアル前帯状皮質) は,生涯にわたって異なる脆弱性を示しています.
- この研究は,都市環境と社会的ストレス神経メカニズムを結びつけ,社会神経科学における実験的アプローチを強調しています.
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