16ヶ月の子供は,失敗した行動の原因を合理的に推論する
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. hyora@mit.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 25, 2011
まとめ
16ヶ月の乳児は,結果が自己原因か環境によるかを判断するために,限られた情報を使用します. 彼らの因果的推論は,彼らが助けを求めるか,失敗の後に探求するかを影響する.
科学分野:
- 認知の発達 認知の発達
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 原因推論は因果的推論である.
背景:
- 幼児の因果関係を推論する能力は,学習において極めて重要です.
- 結果の起源 (自己対世界) を理解することは,基本的な認知の課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- 16ヶ月の乳児が因果関係を見極めるために稀少なデータをどのように利用しているのかを調査する.
- 幼児の後の行動 (助けを求める,探求する) に起因的帰属の影響を検証する.
主な方法:
- 幼児 (N=83) は,イベントアウトカムを含むシナリオを提示されました.
- 研究者らは,因果関係を推論するために,乳幼児が結果分布データを使用することを分析した.
- 失敗した結果の後,幼児の助けを求める,探索する行動が観察されました.
主要な成果:
- 幼児は,限られたデータを用いて,結果が自分自身によるものなのか,環境によるものなのかを合理的に推論した.
- 原因的帰属は,失敗を経験した後の乳児の助けを求め,探索する行動を有意に予測しました.
結論:
- 16ヶ月の幼児は,高度な因果的推論能力を発揮しています.
- 出来事の結果に対する幼児の帰属は,支援を求めるか,探索に従事するなど,彼らの適応的学習戦略に影響します.
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