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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 11, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

調節性DNAの多くの微妙な効果の置換によって引き起こされる形態学的進化.

Nicolás Frankel1, Deniz F Erezyilmaz, Alistair P McGregor

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Nature
|July 2, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

ドロソフィラ・セセリアの幼虫形態の進化は,発達遺伝子の変化によるものです. 転写増強剤における複数の単一核性otide 置換により,遺伝子発現が変化し,非添加的効果によって重要な形態学的差異を引き起こした.

さらに関連する動画

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus
09:57

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Published on: December 28, 2016

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus
09:57

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Published on: December 28, 2016

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

科学分野:

  • 進化的発達生物学 進化的発達生物学
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • 形態学的進化は,発達遺伝子の変化によって引き起こされるが,因果変異はしばしば不明である.
  • ドロソフィラ・セセリア (Drosophila sechellia) の裸の幼虫皮質の進化は,シェーブンベイビー (svb) 遺伝子の転写強化剤の変化と関連しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • svb増強剤の進化に起因する特定の単核酸代用を調査する.
  • これらのヌクレオチド置換が幼虫の形態学とSVB発現に及ぼす現象的影響を定量化する.

主な方法:

  • シングルヌクレオチド置換による特定のSVB増強剤の機能分析.
  • 新しい機能的測定法を使用して,フェノタイプの結果の定量化.
  • svb表現のタイミングとレベルを分析する.

主要な成果:

  • SVB増強剤の複数の単核酸代用により,その機能が変化した.
  • それぞれの置換は,小さな現象的効果を持っていたが,集団的に,それらは重要な形態学的進化を引き起こした.
  • 代用品は,フェノタイプに添加的でない効果を示した.

結論:

  • 転写増強剤内の個々のニュクレオチドの変化は,重要な形態学的進化を促すことができます.
  • 複雑な特徴の進化は,非添加的な相互作用を持つ小さな効果の突然変異の蓄積から生じる可能性があります.
  • 進化的変化の遺伝的基礎についての高解像度な洞察を提供します.