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関連する概念動画

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

人間の新皮質の発達と進化

Jan H Lui1, David V Hansen, Arnold R Kriegstein

  • 1Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cell
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

脳のサイズと回転性新皮質の発達は,知性の鍵です. 外部下心室領域 (OSVZ) は,ニューロン数を増加させ,移住を誘導することで新皮質の拡張を促し,進化の洞察を提供している.

さらに関連する動画

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)
09:25

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)

Published on: May 8, 2020

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function
07:13

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)
09:25

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)

Published on: May 8, 2020

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development
13:47

Ex utero Electroporation and Whole Hemisphere Explants: A Simple Experimental Method for Studies of Early Cortical Development

Published on: April 3, 2013

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学について
  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について

背景:

  • 哺乳類の脳のサイズと表面積は,知的能力と相関しています.
  • 高度な認知機能の特徴である新皮質のジリフィケーションは,脳容量の拡大に不可欠です.
  • 外部亜室内領域 (OSVZ) は,哺乳類の新皮質の発達における重要な増殖ニッチである.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新皮質の発達における外側室下部ゾーン (OSVZ) の役割を調査する.
  • OSVZ細胞の増殖が新皮質の膨張とニューロン数にどのように寄与するかを理解する.
  • OSVZ媒介の新皮質発達の進化的起源を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 新皮質の発達と細胞系統に関する最近の研究のレビュー.
  • OSVZ内の細胞増殖の分析.
  • 哺乳類の種とマウスの分子調節体の比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • OSVZには,ニューラル幹細胞とトランジット増幅細胞の系統があり,新皮質の拡張に不可欠です.
  • OSVZにおける増殖はニューロン数を増加させ,発達中のニューロンの移動経路に影響を与えます.
  • マウス新皮質の特定の分子調節体は,保存された発達機構の洞察を提供します.

結論:

  • OSVZは,大きく回転する新皮質に必要な拡張ニューロン集団を生成する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • OSVZの機能を理解することで,複雑な哺乳類の脳の進化の軌道を明らかにできます.
  • この研究は,細胞増殖,ニューロン移動,新皮質進化の相互作用を強調しています.