介護の質と重篤なアクセスの田舎の病院における患者の成果
Karen E Joynt1, Yael Harris, E John Orav
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. kjoynt@partners.org
JAMA
|July 7, 2011
まとめ
臨界アクセス病院 (CAH) は,重要な農村保健医療を提供しているが,能力が少なく,ケアプロセスは悪化している. CAHの患者は,他の病院と比較して,急性心筋梗塞 (AMI),閉塞性心不全 (CHF),および肺炎による死亡率が高くなります.
科学分野:
- 医療の質に関する研究
- 田舎の健康格差
- 病院のパフォーマンスの分析
背景:
- クリティカル・アクセス・ホスピタル (CAH) は,米国における田舎の医療へのアクセスに不可欠です.
- 政策は,CAHの財政的持続可能性に焦点を当てており,医療の質と患者の成果についてはあまり知られていない.
- CAHのパフォーマンスを理解することは,農村部で公正な医療提供を確保するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- CAHsのケア品質と患者のアウトカムを評価する.
- CAHと非CAHの介護パターンの違いを特定する.
- 農村部における医療の改善を目的とした政策を策定する.
主な方法:
- 2008~2009年のメディケアのデータを用いて,米国の4,738の病院を遡及的に分析した.
- 検査を受けた患者は,急性心筋梗塞 (AMI),心不全 (CHF),肺炎でした.
- CAHと非CAHの間の臨床能力,ケアプロセスパフォーマンス,および30日間の死亡率の比較.
主要な成果:
- CAHは,集中治療室,心臓カテーテリゼーション能力,電子医療記録を持つ可能性が低い.
- CAHは,非CAHと比較して,AMI,CHF,および肺炎の品質測定において,より低いパフォーマンスを示しました.
- CAHに入院した患者は,すべての3つの条件において,30日間の死亡率を大幅に上昇させた.
結論:
- CAHsは,非CAHsよりも少ない臨床リソースと貧しいケアプロセスを示します.
- CAHにおけるより高い患者死亡率は,質と結果の大きな格差を示しています.
- 調査結果は,医療の質と田舎の病院における患者の成果を改善するために,標的を絞った介入の必要性を強調しています.
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