協働は子供において平等な共有を奨励するが,チンパンジーではそうではない
Katharina Hamann1, Felix Warneken, Julia R Greenberg
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. khamann@eva.mpg.de
Nature
|July 22, 2011
まとめ
幼い子供は,チンパンジーとは異なり,協力的な活動の後,資源を公平に共有します. これは,人間の公平な共有が,偶然の利益ではなく,協力的な努力から進化したことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化心理学の心理学について
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- プリマトロジーは,霊長類学です.
背景:
- 人間は他の類人猿よりも,より大きな資源共有と公平な規範を示しています.
- 5歳から7歳までの子どもたちは,資源の意外な配分で公平な配分の傾向を示しています.
- 人間の公平な共有の起源は議論され,コラボレーションによる採食が重要な文脈として提案されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 小児の資源の公平な共有が,資源獲得の文脈 (協力対意外対並行作業) に基づいて異なるかどうかを調査する.
- ヒトの子供の共有行動と,チンパンジー (Pan troglodytes) の共有行動を,似たような文脈で比較する.
主な方法:
- 3歳児は,共同作業,予期せぬ成果,並行作業による資源分配作業に参加しました.
- チンパンジーの食物共有行動は,協力的および非協力的活動に関連して観察されました.
主要な成果:
- 3歳児は,意外な状況や並行作業の状況と比較して,協力的な活動において,より公平な資源の共有を大幅に示した.
- チンパンジーは,他の個体とコラボしたかどうかに基づいて,共有周波数の違いを示さなかった.
結論:
- 人間における資源の公平な共有は,協力的な活動に伴う獲物の分配に進化的根源があるかもしれない.
- 幼少期の公平な共有,特に協力後に,ヒトとチンパンジーを区別し,進化論的な説明を支持します.
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