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関連する概念動画

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

3.7K
The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
3.5K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.9K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.9K
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

5.8K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

3.7K
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques
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Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques

Published on: November 2, 2018

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ダイナミックな分子プロセスは,細胞のメカノトランスデュークションを媒介する.

Brenton D Hoffman1, Carsten Grashoff, Martin A Schwartz

  • 1Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.

Nature
|July 22, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

細胞は,細胞骨格のようなダイナミックな構造を通して,機械的な力を感知します. 機械的な力に対するこれらの細胞の反応が,発達,生理,病気にどのように影響するかを理解することが鍵となる.

さらに関連する動画

Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads

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A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
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A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques
08:28

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques

Published on: November 2, 2018

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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
07:55

Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads

Published on: March 8, 2017

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A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
09:50

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

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科学分野:

  • 細胞のメカノバイオロジー
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
  • 分子および細胞生理学

背景:

  • 機械的力に対する細胞の反応は,胚の発達と成人の生理学にとって不可欠である.
  • これらの反応は,がん,骨粗鬆症,心血管疾患を含む様々な疾患に関与しています.
  • 負荷を担うサブセルラー構造 (プラズマ膜,細胞結合複合体,細胞骨格) は,これらの機械的反応を媒介する.

研究 の 目的:

  • 力の伝導に関与するサブセルラー構造のダイナミックな性質を探求する.
  • これらの構造の動的組み立てと分解が,細胞の信号伝達にどのように影響するか解明する.
  • 異なる力特性が,異なる生化学信号伝達経路をどのように調節するかを説明する.

主な方法:

  • 負荷を担うサブセルラー構造物の動的組み立て,分解,および移動を調査する.
  • 機械力の文脈に依存した伝導を生化学信号に分析する.
  • 信号経路の調節を,異なる力強度とダイナミクスによって調べる.

主要な成果:

  • サブセルラー構造は,安定しているように見えても,非常にダイナミックです.
  • 生化学信号への力変換は,これらの構造のダイナミックなプロセスと密接に関連しています.
  • 機械力 (強度,動力) の特性により,特定のシグナル伝達経路が活性化される.

結論:

  • 機械力に対する細胞の反応は,ダイナミックな細胞下構造によって媒介されます.
  • これらの構造のダイナミックな性質は,効果的な力から信号への変換に不可欠です.
  • このダイナミック・フレームワークは,メカニカル・フォースが細胞機能と疾患プロセスをどのように制御するかを説明します.