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Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Glial Cells01:04

Glial Cells

Overview
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 30, 2026

Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Juvenile Brain Olfactory Sensory Neuron Synaptic Connectivity in an Early-Life Critical Period
07:13

Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Juvenile Brain Olfactory Sensory Neuron Synaptic Connectivity in an Early-Life Critical Period

Published on: March 1, 2024

マイクログリアによるシナプス剪定は,正常な脳の発達のために必要である.

Rosa C Paolicelli1, Giulia Bolasco, Francesca Pagani

  • 1Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 23, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

脳の免疫細胞であるマイクログリアは,発達中のシナプスを積極的に削っています. シナプス成熟におけるこの不可欠な機能は,神経発達障害で損なわれることがあります.

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Juvenile Brain Olfactory Sensory Neuron Synaptic Connectivity in an Early-Life Critical Period
07:13

Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Juvenile Brain Olfactory Sensory Neuron Synaptic Connectivity in an Early-Life Critical Period

Published on: March 1, 2024

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学について
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは

背景:

  • マイクログリアは,破片のファゴサイトーシスとして知られる脳内定住の免疫細胞です.
  • 健康で発達中の脳における,特にシナプス調節における,その役割は十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 産後脳の発達中のシナプス剪定におけるマイクログリアの機能を調査する.
  • 脳損傷がない場合のシナプス成熟におけるマイクログリアの役割を決定する.

主な方法:

  • マイクログリアの活動を観察するためにマウスモデルを使用した.
  • 発達中のマイクログリアによるシナプス物質の吸収を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • マイクログリアが発達中の脳のシナプス物質を積極的に吸収することを示した.
  • シナプス剪定のプロセスにおけるマイクログリアの重要な役割が確立された.

結論:

  • マイクログリアの監視は,シナプスの成熟に不可欠です.
  • マイクログリア機能の欠陥は,神経発達障害で観察されるシナプス異常の根底にある可能性があります.