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Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
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この患者さんは医療上の意思決定能力を持っていますか?
Laura L Sessums1, Hanna Zembrzuska, Jeffrey L Jackson
1Section of General Internal Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307, USA. laura.sessums@us.army.mil
JAMA
|July 28, 2011
まとめ
医学的意思決定能力の欠如は,入院患者ではよく見られるが,臨床医によって認識されないことが多い. 能力評価支援 (ACE) は,医師が患者の能力を正確に評価するのを助けるために推奨されています.
科学分野:
- ゲリアトリック・メディシン (老年医学)
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
- 臨床心理学の臨床心理学について
背景:
- 患者の医療上の意思決定能力の評価は,特に障害が疑われる場合,極めて重要です.
- 評価は,手元にある医学的決定に特異的であるべきです.
研究 の 目的:
- 重度の精神疾患のない成人の医療患者における障害の有病率を決定する.
- 臨床医による無能評価の正確性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 医学的な意思決定能力の評価のための研究 (n=43) の体系的なレビュー.
- MEDLINEとEMBASEのデータベースは,開始から2011年4月まで検索されました.
- 2人の著者による独立したデータ抽出と品質評価.
主要な成果:
- 身体不全の罹患率は,健康な高齢者の対照群で2.8%であったが,入院患者では26%であった.
- 臨床医は,正確な診断 (LR+7.9) にもかかわらず,罹患患者の42%にのみ無能性を認めました.
- 能力評価のための援助 (ACE) は,強力な診断特性 (LR+ 8.5,LR- 0.21) を示し,自由に利用できます.
結論:
- 医学的意思決定に対する患者の無能力は,一般的であり,しばしば見過ごされています.
- ミニメンタルステート試験 (MMSE) は,能力を評価するために極端なスコアでのみ有用です.
- ACEは,医師の能力評価を支援するために最も適したツールです.
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