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関連する概念動画

Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

イニシアチブ・コンプレックス・ストラクチャーとプロモーター・コーレッティング

Xin Liu1, David A Bushnell, Daniel-Adriano Silva

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

RNAポリメラーゼIIのトランスクリプションは,開始時に異なる構造状態を伴う. これらのトランジションは,中絶開始とプロモーター脱出を調節し,遺伝子発現制御の重要なチェックポイントとして機能します.

さらに関連する動画

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは

背景:

  • RNAポリメラーゼIIによる転写開始は,複雑で多段階のプロセスです.
  • 早期の転写中のRNAポリメラーゼIIの構造的動態を理解することは,遺伝子調節を解読する上で極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 転写開始時にRNAポリメラーゼIIの構造的移行を解明する.
  • これらの構造的状態を,中絶の開始とプロモーター脱出の頻度と相関させるため.

主な方法:

  • X線結晶撮影は,短いRNA (2〜10ヌクレオチド) のトランスクリプション複合体の構造を決定するために使用されました.
  • RNAの長さと形状に基づく3つの異なる構造状態の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 短いRNA合成でRNAポリメラーゼIIの3つの構造的状態が特定されました.
  • 状態間の移行は,中絶開始の減少と最終的なプロモーターの脱出と相関しています.
  • ポリメラーゼ構造は,プロモーターの校正メカニズムとして作用し,中断の開始を促進します.

結論:

  • 構造的移行は,転写開始時にプロモーター制御のためのチェックポイントとして機能します.
  • 中絶の開始と構造の変化は,プロモーターの特異性と効率性に寄与します.