低所得国および中所得国の貧血
Yarlini Balarajan1, Usha Ramakrishnan, Emre Ozaltin
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6096, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 5, 2011
まとめ
貧血は世界中の何百万もの人々,特に子供や女性に影響を与え,経済的損失を及ぼします. 研究と改善された戦略を通じてその複雑な原因に対処することは,資源が少ない環境では極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 貧血は,世界人口の4分の1に影響を及ぼし,子供や妊娠していない女性の高い罹患率があります.
- 人力資本に対する貧血の経済的影響は,年間数十億ドルの損失をもたらします.
- 貧血は社会経済的に低いグループに不釣り合いに影響し,健康格差を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 低所得国および中所得国における貧血の流行病学,臨床評価,病理生理学,およびその影響について検討する.
- 貧血に関連する社会経済的決定要因とリスク要因を分析する.
- 資源が限られた環境で貧血の負担を軽減するための課題を特定し,戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 貧血の疫学と結果に関する文献レビュー.
- 貧血の罹患率と危険因子に関する人口レベルのデータの分析.
- 多要素的な原因と社会経済的な影響に関する情報の合成.
主要な成果:
- 貧血は,低所得国や中所得国において,特に幼い子供や妊娠していない女性の間で非常に一般的です.
- 母親の貧血は,子供の貧血と強く関連しており,世代間の影響を示している.
- 貧血の原因は多因性であり,栄養,感染症,社会経済的地位の間の複雑な相互作用を含む.
結論:
- 貧血の負担に対処するには,その複雑で多重な病因と社会経済的決定要因を理解する必要があります.
- 人口レベルでの戦略の改善された実施と,研究と政策における知識のギャップの縮小は不可欠です.
- 貧血を緩和するために,特に資源の少ない環境の脆弱な集団において,標的を絞った介入が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Disorders of Erythrocytes
Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis
The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements
OverviewElements are the smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down further by chemical processes. There are 118 known elements, but not all of these are naturally-occurring, and fewer still are essential for life. Living matter is composed primarily of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, with smaller amounts of other elements like calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Other elements are also necessary for life but only in trace amounts.The Periodic Table Provides Information...
Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

