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関連する概念動画

Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals
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ハワイの羽根の若い源である.

Alexander V Sobolev1, Albrecht W Hofmann, Klaus Peter Jochum

  • 1ISTerre, University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1 and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France. alexander.sobolev@ujf-grenoble.fr

Nature
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

海洋島の火山活動には,海洋地殻のリサイクルが含まれる. ハワイの溶岩からの新しいストロンチウム同位体データは,海水の汚染を明らかにし,マントルの循環速度が以前に推定されたよりも速いことを示唆しています.

科学分野:

  • 地質化学 地質化学
  • イソトープ地球化学 イソトープ地球化学
  • マントル・ペトロロジー マントル・ペトロロジー

背景:

  • 海洋島火山の発生は,海面の地殻が潜水とマントルの羽根を介して再利用することで説明される.
  • この再利用の年代付けは,マントルの循環速度を理解するために重要です.
  • 鉛とRe-Osのイソトープを用いた以前の年代測定法は,混合とレニウムの移動性のために制限があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • マントルの羽ばたきで海洋の地殻が再利用される時間のスケールを調査する.
  • ハワイの火山活動に寄与する海底地殻の年齢を決定する.
  • マントルの循環速度の推定を精査する.

主な方法:

  • マウナ・ロアオリヴィンフェノクリスタからの138の溶融インクルージョンのストロンチウム-87/ストロンチウム-86 ((87) Sr/ (86) Sr) の比率の分析.
  • 海水と古代地殻のシグネチャーによる同位体組成の比較.
  • 源汚染と年齢を推論するために,同位体データのモデリング.

主要な成果:

  • マウナ・ロア・ラバでは,マントルの巨大な源の異質性が確認された.
  • 枯渇した溶融インクルージョンの高放射性ストロンチウムは,2億~6億5千万年前の海水と一致する.

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  • これは,マウナ・ロアの源岩の沈殿前に海水汚染があったことを示している.

    • 結論:

    • 海水の汚染は,沈下した海洋地殻の"タイムスタンプ"を提供します.
    • 2億~6億5千万年前の海洋地殻の存在は,より速いマントルの循環を暗示しています.
    • マントルの平均循環速度は約2 (±1) cm/yrと推定されており,これはこれまで考えられていたよりも速い.