幼児教育における科学から政策へ
1Public Policy Institute, Georgetown University, 305 Old North, Washington, DC 20057, USA. gormleyw@georgetown.edu
まとめ
科学と政策の架け橋は複雑である. この研究では,幼児教育をケーススタディとして用いて,公務員による研究利用を促進する要因を特定しています.
科学分野:
- 政策研究 政策研究
- 教育 研究 教育研究
- 科学コミュニケーション サイエンス・コミュニケーション
背景:
- 科学的発見を公共政策に変換することは,しばしば間接的で複雑である.
- 政策立案者による研究利用に影響を与える要因を理解することは,エビデンスベースのガバナンスにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 科学研究と公共政策の関係を検証する.
- 公務員による研究利用の促進要因と障壁を特定する.
- 科学と政策のインターフェースを強化するための勧告を提供すること.
主な方法:
- 研究の採用に影響を与える要因の質的分析.
- 幼児教育プログラムに焦点を当てたケーススタディアプローチ.
- プログラム効果と政策実施に関する経験的証拠のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 研究が公法に直接変換される可能性は低い.
- 特定の要因は,政策立案者による研究利用を大幅に促進することができます.
- 幼児教育からの証拠は,研究利用と非利用の両方の事例を強調しています.
結論:
- 科学と公共政策のつながりを改善するには,ターゲットを絞った戦略が必要です.
- 研究翻訳のニュアンスを理解することは,効果的な政策開発の鍵です.
- 科学と政策のつながりを強化するための実用的なメカニズムを探るためのさらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
Schemata...
The Nativist Approach
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...
Nature and Nurture
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Introduction to Developmental Psychology
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Psychology as a Science
Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
The scientific method in psychology involves six critical steps: making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting tests, analyzing...
The scientific method in psychology involves six critical steps: making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting tests, analyzing...

