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アストロサイトは,中央シナプスにおける基礎伝播の内生調節体である

Aude Panatier¹, Joanne Vallée, Michael Haber

¹Département de physiologie, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.

|August 23, 2011

まとめ

アストロサイトは,神経細胞の活動を検知し, purin を放出することによって,基礎シナプス伝達を調節する. このピュリンの放出は,プレシナプスA2A受容体経由で神経伝達物質の放出を促進し,基本的な脳機能に影響を与えます.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
細胞神経科学は細胞神経科学である.
シナプスの可塑性

背景:

アストロサイトは,激しい活動中にニューロンネットワークを調節する.
基礎シナプス伝達におけるアストロサイトの調節は十分に理解されていない.

研究の目的:

基礎シナプス伝達におけるアストロサイトの調節を調査する.
アストロサイト媒介のシナプス調節の基礎となるメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

ヒッポキャンパスのCA1領域における単一シナプス刺激.
機能区画を用いたアストロサイト活性化の検出.
メタボトロピクグルタミン酸サブタイプ5受容体の関与.
Ca(2+) ケレーターによるアストロサイト活動の阻害.
基礎シナプス伝送の測定.

主要な成果:

アストロサイトは,ヒポキャンパスにおける単一シナプス刺激を検知する.
アストロサイトの活性化には,メタボトロプ的グルタミン酸5受容体が関与する.
アストロサイトは基礎シナプス伝達を強化する.
ピューリンの放出とシナプス前A(2A) 受容体の活性化がこの効果を媒介する.

結論:

アストロサイトは,基本的なシナプス通信の調節に重要な役割を果たします.
この研究は,脳の機能の基本的メカニズムについての洞察を提供します.

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