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関連する概念動画

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 25, 2026

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

原子固体エネルギースケール

Brian D Pelatt1, Ram Ravichandran, John F Wager

  • 1School of EECS, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5501, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 25, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,標準水素電極 (SHE) のような絶対エネルギー参照を使用して新しい固体エネルギー (SSE) スケールを定義しました. このスケールは,半導体や絶縁体における電子負性やイオン性などの材料の性質を理解するのに役立ちます.

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Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
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Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
12:02

Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique

Published on: November 3, 2017

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

科学分野:

  • 固体物理と化学 固体物理と化学
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 量子化学は量子化学である

背景:

  • 電子親和 (EA) と電離電位 (IP) は,材料の重要な電子特性である.
  • エネルギー帯域ギャップ (E(G)) は,半導体や断熱器の基本的な特徴です.
  • 化合物の原子の振る舞いを理解するためには,統一されたエネルギー基準が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 固体材料の絶対的なエネルギー基準を確立する.
  • 新しい固体エネルギー (SSE) スケールを定義する.
  • 電子負性,化学硬度,イオン性などの材料の性質を定量的に評価する.

主な方法:

  • 69のバイナリ・クローズド・シェルの無機半導体と絶縁体について,エネルギー帯のギャップ (E(G)) に対して,電子親和度 (EA) と電離電位 (IP) をプロットします.
  • 水素ドナー/受容体のイオン化エネルギー (ε(+/-)) を中心点として識別する.
  • 標準水素電極 (SHE) エネルギーと ε(+/-) を相関させる.

主要な成果:

  • エネルギー帯のギャップ (E(G)) は,水素ドナー/受容体のイオン化エネルギー (ε(+/-)) を中心とする.
  • 標準水素電極 (SHE) エネルギーは,固体の絶対エネルギー基準として機能します.
  • この基準に基づいて,新しい固体エネルギー (SSE) スケールが確立されました.

結論:

  • SSEスケールは,材料の性質を評価するための簡単な方法を提供します.
  • このスケールは,固体の周期的な傾向に関する新しい洞察を提供します.
  • この発見は,化合物のカチオン/アニオン傾向のより深い理解を容易にする.