第7回コレラ大流行の世界的な伝播のいくつかの波の証拠
Ankur Mutreja1, Dong Wook Kim, Nicholas R Thomson
1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Nature
|August 26, 2011
まとめ
第7回コレラ大流行はVibrio cholerae El Torによって引き起こされ,ベンガル湾で発生した. この研究では,単一の核性子ポリモルフィズムを使用して,その拡散を3つの波でマッピングし,伝播イベントと抗生物質耐性要素の役割を明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- Vibrio choleraeは,毎年何百万ものコレラ症例を引き起こす重要な世界的な病原体です.
- 第7回コレラ大流行が進行中であり,主にV. cholerae O1.1のエル・トル生物型によって引き起こされています.
- 以前の分子研究は,限られたゲノム領域に依存し,パンデミック菌株の真の系統遺伝を曖昧にしていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 第7回パンデミックの原因となるV.コレラ菌の系統の根本的な系統を解明する.
- 精密な系統遺伝分析のための高解像度遺伝子マーカーを特定する.
- 第7回コレラ流行の起源,蔓延,進化史を理解するため.
主な方法:
- 全球的に,また一時的に代表的なV. cholerae単離体154の全ゲノム配列決定.
- 高解像度単核酸ポリモルフィズム (SNP) の識別と分析.
- 進化的関係と伝播イベントを推論するための系統遺伝的再構築.
主要な成果:
- 第7のパンデミックは,1950年代に共通の祖先を持つベンガル湾で発生した.
- パンデミックは少なくとも3つの独立した,しかし重複する波で広がった.
- いくつかの大陸を越えた伝染事件が特定され,SXT抗生物質耐性要素の獲得がパンデミック感染の拡大を形作ることが示されました.
結論:
- 高解像度のSNP分析により,第7のコレラ流行の系統遺伝をより明確に理解できます.
- この研究は,現在のパンデミックの複数波の拡散と伝播ダイナミクスを明らかにしています.
- 抗生物質耐性要素の獲得は,その文書化された発見より以前に存在し,パンデミックの進化に影響を与えました.
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