抗生物質耐性は古くから存在しています
Vanessa M D'Costa1, Christine E King, Lindsay Kalan
1Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5.
Nature
|September 2, 2011
まとめ
抗生物質耐性は自然現象であり,現代医学より前のものです. 古代のDNA分析は3万年前の永久凍土に多様な抵抗性遺伝子を発見し,現代の問題として抵抗性の見方に異議を唱える.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- パレオゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 抗生物質は医学に革命をもたらしたが,その使用には常に耐性菌の出現が伴っていた.
- 病原性細菌における抗生物質耐性の出現は,しばしば現代的な現象と見なされます.
- 抗生物質以前の時代の微生物のコレクションは,通常,抗生物質に対する高い感受性を表しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 抗生物質耐性の歴史的起源を調査する.
- 抗生物質の広範な臨床使用の前に抗生物質耐性遺伝子が存在していたかどうかを決定する.
- 抗生物質耐性メカニズムの証拠を求めて古代DNAを分析する.
主な方法:
- 古代DNAの標的化されたメタゲノム解析.
- 3万年前のベリンジウム永久凍土の堆積物からDNAの抽出と分析.
- バンコマイシン耐性要素VanAを含む,特定された耐性要素の構造と機能の研究.
主要な成果:
- 古代DNAにおけるβ-ラクタム,テトラサイクリン,およびグリコペプチド抗生物質に対する耐性を付与する多様な遺伝子の識別.
- 古代のヴァンコマイシン耐性元素ヴァンAが,構造的にも機能的にも現代の変種に似ていることを確認しました.
- 抗生物質耐性遺伝子の存在が,抗生物質の時代より前に示された.
結論:
- 抗生物質耐性は,進化の深い根源を持つ自然現象である.
- 現代の抗生物質の広範な使用は,抗生物質耐性の唯一の要因ではありません.
- 古代の微生物コミュニティは,抗生物質耐性のための洗練されたメカニズムを持っていた.
関連する概念動画
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
33
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
33
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA
99
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
99
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
50.5K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
50.5K
Development of Antibiotic Resistance
1.9K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.9K
Antibiotic Selection
62.1K
Overview
62.1K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
3.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.5K


