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Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the small...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...

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An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

長期的な食事パターンを腸内微生物の腸型と結びつける.

Gary D Wu1, Jun Chen, Christian Hoffmann

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. gdwu@mail.med.upenn.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

腸内微生物群の腸型は,長期の食事と関連しています. 食生活の変化は腸内細菌を急速に変化させる一方で,全体的な腸型は安定し,持続的な食生活パターンを反映しています.

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
06:58

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
06:58

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

科学分野:

  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 人体健康 人体健康 人体健康
  • 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.

背景:

  • ダイエットは,腸内微生物の組成に影響を与えることで,人間の健康に大きな影響を与えます.
  • 腸内微生物のコミュニティは,異なる腸型に分類することができます.

研究 の 目的:

  • 腸腸型と長期の食生活習慣との関連を調査する.
  • マイクロバイオームの構成と腸型安定性に対する食事の短期的な影響を決定する.

主な方法:

  • ダイエットインベントリーと16S rDNAシーケンシングを使用して98人の糞便サンプルを分析した.
  • 10人の被験者を対象とした制御栄養試験では,異なる食事で10日間にわたる微生物群の変化を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 排泄物のコミュニティは,主にバクテロイドとプレボテラレベルによって定義されるエンテロタイプに分割されます.
  • エントロタイプは,長期の食事:タンパク質/脂肪 (バクテロイド) vs.炭水化物 (プレボテラ) との強い相関を示した.
  • 食事の変化から24時間以内に微生物の組成が変化したが,10日間で腸型同一性が安定した.

結論:

  • 腸腸型は,個人の長期的な食事パターンと強く関連しています.
  • 短期的な食事のシフトは微生物の組成を変更することができますが,確立された腸型を容易に変更することはできません.