食糧生産と生物多様性の保全を調和させる:土地の共有と土地の節約の比較
Ben Phalan1, Malvika Onial, Andrew Balmford
1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 3, 2011
まとめ
増大する食料需要を満たし,同時に生物多様性を保護するには,土地の節約と土地の共有を評価する必要があります. 土地を節約し,高収量農業と生息地の保護を組み合わせることで,生物多様性への負の影響を最小限に抑えるのにより効果的であることが示されています.
科学分野:
- 生態学と保全生物学 生態学と保全生物学
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
- 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究
背景:
- 増加する世界の食糧需要は,農業生産と生物多様性の保全のバランスをとる戦略を必要とします.
- 主な2つのアプローチは,土地の共有 (農業と自然を統合する) と土地の節約 (それらを分離する) です.
研究 の 目的:
- 農業による生物多様性の損失を最小限に抑えるために,土地の共有と土地の節約の有効性を比較する.
- 農業の強度グラデーションにおける作物収穫量と種多様性への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- ガーナ南西部とインド北部のフィールド研究で,作物の収穫量と鳥/木種の密度を比較した.
- 異なる農業慣行の影響を評価するために,農業の強度のさまざまなレベルを横断した分析.
主要な成果:
- 農業は,利益よりも多くの種に悪影響を及ぼし,特に地球規模での分布が小さい種に悪影響を及ぼした.
- 土地の節約は,土地の共有と比較して,生物多様性への負の影響を軽減するより大きな能力を示しました.
- これらの結果は,現在の食糧生産レベルと将来の食糧生産レベルの両方に当てはまります.
結論:
- 土地の節約は,生物多様性に対する食糧生産の悪影響を軽減するためのより効果的な戦略です.
- 保護計画では,農業の強化と生息地の保護の間のトレードオフを考慮する必要があります.
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